What do you think is going on in this image? In June a great flood came down the river. Parking is $10 and there are no real alternatives. The materials listed below can be used directly on the computer or printed out, photocopied, and distributed to students. LESSON NO. Throughout our national history we have had a great program of public improvements, and in these past two years all that we have done has been to accelerate that program. It would take 150 years for all that concrete in the dam to cool under normal conditions. Standard B - The student creates, interprets, uses, and distinguishes various representations of the earth, such as maps, globes, and photographs. The gates of these great diversion tunnels were closed here at Boulder Dam last February. The availability of water stored behind Hoover Dam and the power produced by that water played a critical role in the growth of the American Southwest in the mid-20th century, but the demand for more water and electricity soon outstripped what this one dam could provide. Corporal Joe Ward . Divide the class into seven small groups. This website features images and other information focusing on the people who built Hoover Dam and who lived in Boulder City. Why do you think they did that? Our Own Seven Wonders, Letters to the Editor, The New York Times, Feb. 6. Very nice to visit; and see the dam in person. Which states are within the Basin? LESSON NO. The driver crossing the bridge does not see the engineering involved. . Bureau of Reclamation. Simple? Its base is as thick as two football fields are long. What were conditions like in America in 1931? 15 Minute Course in Engineering Each block was five feet high. Eventually they removed 1.5 million cubic yards of rock. Why do you think Reclamations engineers were excited about building the big dam? 2. The bridge is located high in the mountains above the dam. No dreams of relocating to live in a tamed desert. Then ask the students to gather information on changes in the volume of water flowing down Colorado River during that period. It is awesome! Right off we decided to prepare a list of seven wonders of the United States. 5. 4. It held back what was then, and still is, the largest man-made lake in the United States. Over 75 years later, Hoover Dam continues its multiple roles in flood control, power generation, and as a major supplier of water in the Southwestern U.S. See also: New Cyber-Security Standards for N. American Power System. 2. Huge aqueducts carry water from the Colorado to Los Angeles and other cities in Southern California. You are now ready to install the main portion of the dam. (In 1947, Congress unanimously changed the name back to "Hoover Dam.") Under Presidential Directive 12, employee and contractor identities and suitability must be confirmed through background checks. Today marks the official completion and dedication of Boulder Dam. Standard B - The student shows through specific examples how science and technology have changed people's perceptions of the social and natural world, such as in their relationship to the land, animal life, family life, and economic needs, wants, and security. Housing for workers in the new town of Boulder City wasn't ready when these photos were taken. How did the shovels get down into the canyon? Also in 1922, congressional representatives from California introduced a bill to authorize Reclamation to build the big dam on the lower Colorado. why is there so much security at the hoover dambad bunny tour 2022 tickets lost birth certificate near berlin June 3, 2022 how did mary pickford change the world Which of those would they select as their "Seven Wonders"? One of the definitions of "penstock" is a pipe or conduit that carries water from a reservoir to electrical generating equipment. Note that there is a vehicle security checkpoint needed to enter this area. Access control Brent Gunderson, regional security manager of the lower Colorado river region, worked at the Hoover Dam for four years and managed the police force. How many gallons of water are in an acre-foot? It is just another bridge even though the engineering that went into it was amazing. Hoover Dam PBS Film Surprisingly, there is much to read/learn about the bridge with many placards to read as you walk towards the span. Why do you think it was called that? This website includes links to a number of documents, including a short history of Reclamation, a longer, book-length history of the years before 1945, and a study of large Federal dams, including Hoover. In this lesson, students have learned why and how Hoover Dam was constructed. We know that, as an unregulated river, the Colorado added little of value to the region this dam serves. Trace the course of the Colorado River. The shelter seems to be located next to the river. 1) One map showing the Colorado River Basin; They saw the dam as a potential source of water and hydroelectric power for homes, businesses, and factories. by ; June 22, 2022 Herbert Hoover, now president, wanted to start work on the dam earlier, probably as a way to ease high unemployment. The dams, particularly the Hoover Dam, were also intended to control the torrential floods that would come downstream in big water years. Drill holes connecting them with two of the tunnels constructed in Lesson 4. What role might the federal government be able to play in making decisions like this? 4. Look at Illustration 1. It was the highest dam in the world when it was completed in 1935. Here are some guidelines to help you on your way: Basically, the permit allows passage over the dam during daylight hours, when the permit is presented along with the driver's license. Internal combustion engines produce carbon monoxide. Standard F - The student describes physical system changes such as seasons, climate and weather, and the water cycle and identifies geographic patterns associated with them. Oversized vehicles, recreational vehicles, and vehicles with trailers must use the parking lots on the Arizona side of the dam. (We forgot to say that youll have to string some cables and pulleys across the canyon to let stuff down to bottom. It is just a bridge to a driver. LESSON NO. For many Americans, Hoover Dam also came to be a powerful symbol of what American industry and American workers could accomplish, even in the depths of the Great Depression. Surveying the dams sloping face from its curved parapet, Michael Bernardo, river operations manager at the US Bureau of Reclamation, admits the scarcity of water is out of bounds with historical norms. 2. Complete with startling statistics All these dimensions are superlative. For millions of people in the 1930s, including those who would never visit it, Hoover Dam came to symbolize what American industry and American workers could do, even in the depths of the Great Depression. During the 1920s, the big dam on the Colorado was usually called the "Boulder Canyon Project" or sometimes "Boulder Dam." Great way to see an amazing feat of civil engineering. Why was this work necessary? This level has plunged by about 130ft in the past 20 years and is currently receding by about a foot a week as farms hit their peak irrigation period. 5. They werent sure that even Reclamations engineers had enough knowledge and experience to make the dam strong and safe. What do you think working here would be like? Then ask students to research the amount of water that the Colorado River Compact allocated to each state in the Lower Basin. 1. Then ask them to imagine what it might have been like to have that job at Hoover Dam. At the gate are several agents and they can wave you by or pull you over. Full (?) Where agency efforts had focused on building dams and irrigation systems to supply water to small farms, Reclamation was now envisioning vast projects that would cover whole river basins and use the water to do more than irrigate agricultural fields. This morning I came, I saw and I was conquered, as everyone would be who sees for the first time this great feat of mankind. Look at the upper right hand corner of the image. When in flood the river was a threatening torrent. Questions for Reading 2 Boulder Dam and the powerhouses together cost a total of $108,000,000. 1. Ultimate Hoover Dam Tour from Las Vegas With Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area. The Hoover dam police department partners with many of the neighboring law enforcement agencies. To hurry it up, string two or three miles of water pipe around through each five-foot layer of concrete as you pour it. Concrete was delivered to each block in buckets, eight cubic yards at a time. Standard H - The student works independently and cooperatively to accomplish goals. . They are then inspected and allowed to pass. How safe do you think this would have been? In 1922, the seven states of the Colorado River Basin met to decide how to divide the waters of the river. Reclamation engineers designed the dam and created the hundreds of detailed plans and specifications that the contractors would follow. It claimed the lives of 96 of the 21,000 men who worked on it. Security officials from Reclamation gave CSOonline a tour of the facilities in mid-September, showing us highlights of the various security programs. The view from the bridge is not spectacular and the dam cannot be seen while driving over the bridge. Then, we walked up the bridge to see the dam. LESSON NO. The Hoover Dam: Fast Facts. The new legislation created a federal program to bring water to the desert lands of the West by constructing dams and reservoirs to store water for irrigation, as well as canals to deliver that water to farms. Why do you think that was required? Make them each 56 feet in diameter, then line them with three feet of concrete. No sprawling food bowl of wheat, alfalfa and corn. Others may be simply old. Then divide the class into small groups. He spends two days each week at the Hoover in meetings to discuss how to improve security functions. Those interested in learning more will find much useful information on the internet. 6) To identify public works in their own local community. The public feels . Construction began in 1931. Copyright 2004 IDG Communications, Inc. The use of materials makes wealth. There is a security check point that causes slow traffic as you are on the road to see the dam. What makes you think so? Topics: This lesson could be used in American history, social studies, government, and civics courses in units on the Great Depression and the New Deal, American political history, or the history of technology. Only 1.8% of the west is not in some level of drought, with California, Arizona and New Mexico all experiencing their lowest rainfalls on record over the previous 12 months. The decline of Lake Mead is apparent even at a cursory glance. But especially, we express our gratitude to the thousands of workers who gave brain and brawn to this great work of construction. Why do you think it was so important to do that before starting work on the dam structure itself? Do you agree, based on what you know so far? LESSON NO. Ask them to compare and contrast these difficulties with the ones the builders of Hoover Dam faced. The massive structure took 5 years to build, between 1931 and 1936; the thousands of laborers . Are there some kinds of works that only government can build? For power generators, there will always be a need to have people on-site. The latest era of cooperation between states that rely upon the Colorado River has now entered the realm of lose-lose, according to Colby Pellegrino, deputy general manager of resources for the Southern Nevada Water Authority. Standard C - The student describes the various forms institutions take and the interactions of people with institutions. Once the bypass is completed, the road atop the dam will no longer be a direct route between Nevada and Arizona. Standard 2AThe student demonstrates understanding of the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal. Ickes defended his decision by stating, "The men who pioneered this project knew it by this. On the drive out there is a free carpark halfway up the road you can park . Most had to travel many miles, at the end through a hostile desert, to reach this location on the border between Nevada and Arizona. Can you think of ways to translate those numbers into comparisons with more familiar things, so that it would be easier to get a sense of how big the project was? It provides water to irrigate farm fields. Why or why not? Hoover Dam was both listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1985. In addition to drilling holes for dynamite, the scalers also knocked unstable rock loose by hand. Download the official NPS app before your next visit. How much money has been allotted to secure the dam? Weve known this point will arrive because weve continued to use more water than the river provides for years, said Kathryn Sorensen, a water policy expert at Arizona State University. In February 1942, a soldier stationed at a training camp in Louisiana wrote the following letter to the New York Times: The Regimental Intelligence, Platoon of the 114th Infantry, Forty-Fourth Division, recently reviewed the merits of the Seven Wonders of the World. 2. It was one of the most ambitious projects of the early 20th century, requiring millions of cubic feet of concrete and tens. Trace the boundaries of the Colorado River Basin. The bridge is located high in the mountains above the dam. Its main purpose is to staunch flooding, be a source of water for the arid deserts of Nevada, and provide a bit of hydroelectric power via a power station while it was at it. What's the process to get a permit? Why was it important to speed up the cooling process? All visitors, or anyone doing business at the dam, are required to pass through magnetometers and X-ray screening. By this time, however, Reclamation's objective was changing and expanding. Not as exciting as the Grand Canyon but worth the visit. On May 8, 1933, Ickes decided that the dam in Black Canyon would revert to being called Boulder Dam. 5. Gregson said many of the security controls, including such things as the checkpoints and command center, were instituted in direct response to the 9-11 terrorist attacks. What would have been the minuses? When the contracts were signed, almost two thirds of the electricity went to Southern California. But the wellspring of Lake Mead, created by the dams blocking of the Colorado River and with the capacity to hold enough water to cover the entire state of Connecticut 10ft deep, has now plummeted to an historic low. 5. We bent nature to suit our own needs, said Brad Udall, a climate and water expert at Colorado State University. Standard C - The student identifies and describes selected historical periods and patterns of change within and across cultures, such as the rise of civilizations, the development of transportation systems, the growth and breakdown of colonial systems, and others. Private businesses may have built some of the dams, power plants, or other such facilities, but they do not fit the definition of "public works" given here. Take NV SR 172 for about 2 miles to the dam. The following slideshow shows various areas, from the road over the dam to the surrounding buildings and tunnels within the dam itself, as well as the energy-producing machinery and surrounding work spaces, a small representation of the diverse spaces that the Hoover Dam Police Department and security staff protect. What safety equipment can you find in this picture? Which are in the Upper Basin and which are in the Lower Basin? We were waved by. Five of the 17 turbines, each weighing the same as seven blue whales, have been replaced in recent years with new fittings more suited to operating in lower lake levels. "Cars are searched on a random basis or if there is a reasonable suspicion," he said. The huge volume of water stored in the reservoir weighs so much that it deformed the earths crust, causing more than 600 small earthquakes in the late 1930s. The shovels had to remove about 130 feet of soil and loose rock before they could get down to solid rock. Do students think it would be necessary for the federal government to be involved to plan and complete such a new dam? However, we stopped here to view the dam. Why or why not? Erect a power house below the dam. That is why I have the right once more to congratulate you who have built Boulder Dam and on behalf of the Nation to say to you, "Well done." It was the highest dam in the world when it was completed in 1935. more. 1. In a whole class discussion, compare and contrast the ancient and modern wonders. Lakes in Arizona are now so low they cant be used to fight the fires themselves spurred by drought, while the retreat of Lake Folsom in California uncovered the wreckage of a plane that crashed 56 years ago. Over the next 20 years, Congress spent over $10 million trying to protect Imperial Valley farmers from floods. The U.S. Reclamation Service, renamed the Bureau of Reclamation in 1923, was created to design and build these systems. In 1924, Reclamation reported that 143,000 people lived on the agency's 24 irrigation projects and that farm earnings for that year totaled $70 million. Everyones going to have to do more with less, and thats really going to be challenging for people, she said. Does that help you figure out where the river went? Congress passed the Reclamation Act in 1902, during the Progressive Era administration of President Theodore Roosevelt. . Standard I - The student explains the relationship between policy statements and action plans used to address issues of public concern. While there is no average year on the Colorado River, Bernardo and his colleagues were always able to estimate its flow within a certain range. 3. Look for the drills (they look a little like machine guns). This morphing climate, plus the rampant extraction of water for everything from golf courses in Phoenix to vegetables growing in California to gardens in Denver, means the Colorado fizzles out in dry riverbed before it even reaches its Mexican delta. These businesses can request a permit to cross the dam during daylight hours. There is a fee for parking. Some marinas have been wrenched from their moorings and moved because they have been left marooned in baking sediment. Other historic photos show dense rows of men working close together on the canyon walls. Why do you think they did that? Standard J - observes and speculates about social and economic effects of environmental changes and crises resulting from phenomena such as floods, storms, and drought.

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