endstream 1997 alone, juvenile courts handled more than 180,000 juvenile offenders younger than 13 years old. endobj Juvenile delinquency is a tremendous burden on society and keeping in mind the present situation, it can be said that the number of crimes being committed by the juveniles is increasing and is to be checked. <>/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 15 0 R/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 42/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> %PDF-1.7 %���� This is done to protect the minors from the harsh realities of adult court and sentencing. 62 0 obj 3 0 obj neighborhood trajectories of violent juvenile crime (Groff et al., 2009), and (2) the concentration of juvenile crime in locations as small as street blocks and the influence of those locations on jurisdiction-level trends in juvenile crime (Weisburd et al., 2007). Although juvenile crime is on the decline knowing the risk factors that lead to delinquency can help to continue this trend. ��F��7�[�p8')ր�?�2I��ʱ�J;�J��ɱ�^�p�`Pi:���3 �2�-���� The reason of increasing crime rate is may be due to the upbringing environment of the child, economic conditions, lack of education and the parental care. At the beginning the society inhumanly treated the child and juvenile, then the movement of saving the children appeared advocating to protect the judicial rights of child and juvenile and then transforming to the specific educational model as well as non-interfere mode, and then entering the crime control model as well as the fair punishment model until now. [0[778]3[250]5[408]8[833 778]11[333 333 500]15[250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 278 278 564 564]34[444]36[722 667 667 722 611 556 722 722 333 389 722 611 889 722 722 556 722 667 556 611 722 722 944]60[722 611 333]64[333]66[500]68[444 500 444 500 444 333 500 500 278 278 500 278 778 500 500 500 500 333 389 278 500 500 722 500 500 444]130[500]177[500 1000 444 444]182[333]237[564]] Theories on Juvenile Delinquency There are three common theories on juvenile delinquency. Greater diligence by the police for discovery of delinquent behavior 4. Juvenile Crimes in India and The Law. <> As per the statistics released by the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), juvenile criminals between 16 … <> Under the Indian law, children between 7-12 years of age having sufficient maturity and between 12-18 years who have committed an … The paper has also analyzed the value conflict among the implementation of criminal policy of juvenile delinquency and the current judicial system, for example, the conflict between the principle of equality and the penalty individualization, conflict between judge discretion power and principle of legality, conflict between non- penalization and the principle of adaptation and conflict between previous conviction and society rehabilitation. : Legal definition of juvenile delinquent: a juvenile who commits an act of juvenile delinquency. endobj ї��R�$�QҢ�QI�$���T��5an��׭���_-�z��-p8�����X�����sͤR�%"���V*���J���I"��h��MF�ƨ�M(��b#�^-�$�V'�a��*MZ�N��0�Q�M�%��{�ܮ��{� �${��_-�z[�o��=w����p8NRxl�"�����f!�FG*�J�@�2��L&��`6�%��f6�&=jv24�Z�El�� �R���^��Hj�άӦ��T��#a�`�S�I[��Q� b+���b�! This kind of representation restitution view and the punishment view return are different from the former. 2019-06-03T15:08:17-07:00 Red Hot: Yasmani Grandal has a 9-game hitting streak and is now batting .292 with an .845 OPS. At the most basic level, poor school attendance is a form of juvenile delinquency: truancy. The difference is: in more than 100-year juvenile legal system, the different countries (areas) found many successful experiences and lessons and also informed there was no worldwide medicines which can treat solve juvenile offenses. Crime committed by children under statutory age is known as juvenile delinquency. <> 77 0 obj endobj endobj <> Juvenile delinquency definition is - conduct by a juvenile characterized by antisocial behavior that is beyond parental control and therefore subject to legal action. endobj Conflict Theory would say that juvenile delinquency comes as a result of a conflict in society between two or more groups. <> <> Robinson, S. M. (1961): Juvenile Delinquency – Its Nature and … � The number of juvenile delinquents has risen by leaps and bounds in the last few years. ����ip�ٰ�WQ���Y� ��EA�1 k���ʾV �eå��u�z͙��֜¨V��V The public does not have access to juvenile court files or juvenile court hearings. 79 0 obj endobj \e6��2�.��`�ͼ �j��+��س�HDV��X��9[�H� endobj Z]�t-�^B�A�N�ХL/����2�tQ�MZ��J�^E_����Ak�b�մ� Z �&���o�%�k���oӥ��@�ѵt�:����zZ�K7Е��*�w��Dk��ut5�f��{Lo�oB�ӷ������m�m���]��ۙ�A�A��?�`sӻ�F��.t#��#Z�1�� }z�5��n�n��Пҭ�������6�����t;��g���D�/�ЭL�t����m���F��#����+���K�}ttm��Lۙ>L?�>B�A��~�==��1��A�CE[�/��LM�������B_��Q� �>I@�b�4=�v�C�g��g��m�?O�h;t7���a��H|7�H�B_b�]@_��]� 13 0 obj �#_D�i�I�*u�� ��|.���e�`T�ήA#xˈ��:�\�0�č� ��/����w��2�����|x��e��4�� All juvenile court proceedings are confidential. Juvenile delinquency is a persistent issue that exists among virtually every community within the United States. 57 0 obj 2019-06-03T15:08:17-07:00 56 0 obj <> <>stream Juvenile delinquency is defined as Juvenile Delinquency Author: Vincent Cann Co-Author: Dr. Julius Kwaku Kattah 7 an individual under the age of 18 who fails to abide by the laws. From this perspective juvenile delinquency can be viewed as a function of juvenile justice system . In many states, such as New York, parents can face penalties like fines and jail time when their children are chronically truant. endstream Psychological theories explain juvenile delinquency with individual-level constructs that exist inside of … ����k�k���s����o���A���gi= �OOAߠ��o���3t��Az�=}��;�+��ޥ��C�z �'�=��L?������_h���*�#z-���� ���'�:��7�$�/���駴�Oz#�}��_t �9�����O�>�}���g>�=���c>�=���c>��釘O?�|�!��1�~���Çb>�]���e>�]���e>����a>����a>�m���f>�m���f>�m���b>�-���b>�-��2�~���̧d>� ���O?�|����d>�M���d>�M���`>� ���`>� ���3������̧�g>}����O��|�>���1������̧�A���~������0�����=̧�a>}��{�O��|�+̧��|�+̧��|�+̧��|��̧��|��̧������O�����O����O����O����O����O����O����O����O����O����̧�f>}7�黙O��|�.��w1������O����O����O���g�O���g�O��|�N��w2������̧�d>}'���0������̧�d>}'��O3��4��O3��4��O1����O1����O�"�^�}:��Ƨ��_��W�ɧo�>���O'x\2.ЧkI�*"���J5�JQT ��/�h$�Z#)��F'I���z�+II��Q�dsQ�a*�5 endobj �� ��"w�angg�k1m�οg9�Qxϥ�e��c�"�p,gD�y�� ��c�w��^`YAM���r�QR%��3^+���� F:���� 2�V���D��m̘�i��a�f̠!��1�S3x2�fư�����b�:�n��N�U��4�Wֈ���fZ����ъ�����p�g��4'g�`�>-`1it$F���i�x��F�'�Q?�0]O��㞬����Y������Ox�J�J����x%�$n[��� x/��#&{-\#���N ��v��j�"��Ϧ�gk@��_���+��Z�ڲ��'�U�C["��ȍ1a�%6Gc����/�G�^�[�b{H��~d:'�׸��J^�P�v��c�ku&(?5 '�6�ۖ}��U�E ��Al"��6��YX��n�i�m�S�eԕ�u���J/��=�S�=��x���HQ}(�"�Z�P5�|&��w�,�rU9���TG��m�� �QN�������4|�Y\��5�� The paper has also proposed the solutions which are basis for making and implementing criminal policy of juvenile delinquency.Second part: Through comparative research of juvenile justice systems of several typical countries and areas, the paper has analyzed the characteristics of implementation of criminal policy of juvenile delinquency of different countries and areas. Many different measures have been taken to prevent and correct the juvenile delinquency. Alternative Title: juvenile delinquency Delinquency, criminal behaviour, especially that carried out by a juvenile. Juvenile delinquency is also used to refer to children who exhibit a persistent behavior of mischievousness or disobedience, so as to be considered out of parental control, becoming subject to legal action by the court system. 2 0 obj b��,D+Ђs����\�����\��a� ��q�BR�g$ܡ�e� �:r|i!�-(��ՑS�ƇxԽ\8"�� %%Q��? <> D. thesis, Banaras Hindu University, Varanashi, India. Separately from the historical development and current situation, the basic questions and comparative researches of the juvenile justice system and the development and improvement of the mainland China juvenile justice system, the paper has conducted a systematic analysis on juvenile delinquency and juvenile justice system, and provided legislative and judicial suggestions on the establishment and improvement of Chinese juvenile justice system. Juvenile delinquency is the participation by a minor child, usually between the ages of 10 and 17, in illegal behavior or activities. 15 0 obj ��[�B#�S ��4@)�[���� c+�Q���?dΓ�VC����-p8���W�p8�`�6 �R!81H�Bl�B�5���$$z�N��tz�Z�5��Z�N���&�kU�;�٪��J#�YY��PJ)lJ9�13��j�q�� �$���Wˣ�A�V���ŨCa��-p8��[q����J"�Z�x��R�e�*DS*�Ak2��\3[��R�P�� *�J9�$�-�3`G�rl�Mu)�� Special courts and judges are set up for handling juvenile delinquency cases. These child delinquents account for 1 in 3 juvenile arrests for arson, 1 in 5 juve-nile arrests for sex offenses, and 1 in 12 juvenile arrests for violent crime. 61 0 obj This type of case is called delinquency. <> The essentials to a strong understanding of delinquency are all there, including juvenile delinquency, criminal behavior, status-offending youths, an overview of critical theories on delinquency, and juvenile crime. An extension of parent education 2. Bringing troubled youth out of poverty stricken neighborhoods and into after school programs can greatly increase positive factors that will help fight against the negative risk factors that they live with everyday. <>/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 15 0 R/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 37/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> In criminal justice programs, English classes and social services degrees, students will often have to write a research paper about juvenile delinquency. 14 0 obj types of juvenile delinquency . Prince 9.0 rev 5 (www.princexml.com) However, based on the crime committed and the severity of the crime, a juvenile may … {�p8��D��vĵ�-��&���p8���p8���p8g���;�{�p8�/0����d)�t���y�4%{��K%����Sĵh���ΎNW$�)�87R�E��� ITqδ�ƃ��'�M����s�)T6�/�x"�wɧ�ML%�C�9����-''�AH��5��g��/3�[�p8')�)�P!�(ȨDQP��ǥ�@���W�#d�⟓�tPS=���"�F�&2B����Bf����,P;���FV��l�tJ�:�����rB�L=���2� �b�M��2�>�������B���@�N!�Cs) �c�O9�O��B�BʅQ����S @K�Zƴ����S�ZA%�J�c�,���r�8��������&R%t��Nf�q�)п�T�F�����j���0���@�R=M�N��������fR5��j���z*���D�Q=t6M��az:5�?��4�Ĵ��gЬ��t&� Delinquency itself is socially inadequate adjustment on the part of the individual to difficult situations. 10 0 obj Let’s also see if Hill’s blister pops up again. <> x��WYo�8~���G �h�:�� �9��6h�݇�^�u�u�@�{���!eG�L�E��"�ù�ͧѤ����eM��Ѥ�����|M��.����?�ף��&�uV�iJ��32�����9�2E�_��8a�ljd�*N��*��'�����T�g�l����a�ODd���)�!��gW�T�v�U�4� � ��L("�� ]Yru?#d����. 76 0 obj �+ȏr�\�z�b�@_�&�O�ߒ�a`vgb� 54 0 obj uuid:56196d8e-abaa-11b2-0a00-782dad000000 and minority groups who feel oppressed by the legal system. Juvenile delinquency is a concept that has been variously defined both socially and academically. uuid:5619889d-abaa-11b2-0a00-60e838e8fc7f These are the some of the basic reasons. The Seattle results also will be reported in a future . Introduction part: Through the legislative and judicial review to the juvenile delinquency, we may clearly see the vein of criminal policy of juvenile delinquency of different countries and the international society. Some programs inform parents on how to raise healthy children; some teach children about the effects of drugs, gangs, sex, and weapons; and others aim to express to youth the innate worth they and all others have. This well-organized text also includes two chapters dedicated to the juvenile justice system and delinquency prevention. The juvenile delinquency issue has become a worldwide issue. Model programs have assisted families and children by providing them with information. Children are considered 69 0 obj 8 0 obj The adversarial system or adversary system is a legal system used in the common law countries where two advocates represent their parties' case or position before an impartial person or group of people, usually a judge or jury, who attempt to determine the truth and pass judgment accordingly. 75 0 obj On the topic of juvenile delinquency, there are numerous issues that can be addressed, such as … AppendPDF Pro 5.5 Linux Kernel 2.6 64bit Oct 2 2014 Library 10.1.0 These are the reform suggestion on suitable time for applying penalty to the juvenile and the specific measures for the reforming penalty application to the juvenile including the criminal law regulation, the penalty-making, the penalty implementation and elimination, the existing types of non-penalty methods, system flaw and reform and improvement suggestions. 11 0 obj OJJDP Research Bulletin. The various countries and the international agencies provide great concerns for it. endobj juvenile justice shodhganga . $�c�u�Tw�*1A(���\�MP)jQ�T)D�~*��K��@�5>��/`S��y�P��GH����^5K���TO2ekő�s:(��5Gv��95�'R#%���J�D7����&�7+&����H������|H��Z�f!�F:�Q��*�I!9�s�7�9W=Aՙ@��rPy� 78 0 obj introduction to juvenile delinquency pdf . dissertation on juvenile justice system in india . It is in contrast to the inquisitorial system used in some civil law systems (i.e. The juvenile delinquency issue has become a worldwide issue. 12 Catchy Research Paper Topics On Juvenile Delinquency. A dialectical process has been reflected through society’s attitudes to the juvenile delinquency and penalty. endobj Juvenile delinquency represents a well-thought-out decision whereby delinquents decide where to commit the crime, who or what to target, and how to execute it. Many different measures have been taken to prevent and correct the juvenile delinquency. Gz���$��Jg�p��I��tDiv�$�%��0�Zc2!��Z,V��j��V��j5Y-���$�I" �ހ��7���M'i1��`H�%���ķ8\�q�T�0C�g�)ե8'+��Ôy�v1�]�#����p�¿I�3Dx�9H��c�ti�F�h5�i �d6#r��lv��n�tv��n7�mf�ݞAv���X&�$�I�1Ji�8�N2�FcJaS��'a�1�{��e�=C���g���.F�g�Ho���p8���o��Y������I:����J�,D.iv��fIK��ӬnG�%�n�9rX����b+��s���b+=&I3SzWU�OV�NRxl�"|��$=b O�_�.�$�e ��f#�;�4�ө7��3�N��a��;��iד�ɂ��l�j-Z���z���4�SzIʒ�f�>L{�g�N�Β}�˖�R���A��6|�u(}������p8I���"���c+� Z�ݎ�ř��J��\z�3-�岹�m��K�49�����Vr(f�f�1�ޠ�Z����V~�V�����V���Q� b+���bԡ�W��8��I endobj <>/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 15 0 R/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 40/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> <>/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 15 0 R/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 39/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> x�� `T����;w�;���Lf�̖ɾ��3�d%$QDI\�T���`[[�Z�R�Z��Jm�2�� ��..��REk�VZ�}k����Y�:i�/�G�o8��=g�;w��H "DIkk�fL__��OH���ȹzzm]�b˒�Hqm�Hq��9������6R\?��g��tF�Æ9�$��%�\����D���g�n*��7_~���6�fVs�W����>���S[N.�Qd=�u}Dz��G��c��c��d����I�l Ҽvnגe�ޔ%���uD�S����"i1�R�gYr�e�N��e1 �w��ܱt�K��?��hn> ���v�/�;c���������a�8��z��e+/�'; {W`���t^|ѿB�]G�+Ơ-v����WZK��o����/���o����.j_֙__�&ŕ��ں��Xϡ��_���uqg�ķ�4�p'�3ב�X��,�����Ꮵ�0��@��r��㕷�s�n��dBU��e�k�����s��,4�ӏ�*���|RQ9)p�P���b� <>stream <> Juvenile Delinquency in India Problems and Remedies. 55 0 obj All of these programs provide youths with the awareness that their actions have consequences. 5 0 obj And the most disappointing part is that, children (especially under the age group of 5 to 7 years) now a days are used as tool for commit… When a minor commits a crime it is addressed differently in the court system. endobj Juvenile delinquency is defined as an individual under the age of 18 who fails to abide by the laws. 12 0 obj 63 0 obj endobj 2019-06-03T15:08:17-07:00 x��S�n�0��>��l�H)�Dʡ����I���r�����5Ek�3̬a��-Mݱ�ݵ����k�l۝S�V��M "�k�*����A���~�A�4�6HS~��m��l0�� official sanctioning for juvenile delinquency fosters what? ��q(%#S��*��b�ԩ.�9YQ�n��]�:}�Ho���p8��$�r�p��u$��}yl�� r�J�V��j�*�Ơ�j��Z�J�����J����F�T)�j�J�R,�r�cH���؊_-�z[I÷�Q����-p8��[q��['�Vo�:�V9�R[)[�I�b+�� <> On the criminal policy of combining punishment with leniency Understanding and Application, The Legislative Setting for the Degree of Penalty Research, Conflict and Solution to Criminal Policies and Criminal Laws in China, "SheHei" Penalty for Cases of "Combination of Leniency with Punishment" an Empirical Study, The Complement of Treatment of Jail System, Law Thinking of the prevention of juvenile delinquency, Study on the Criminal Policy of Combining Punishment with Leniency, On the Criminal Policy of Temper Justice with Its Realizing Mode, The construction of the system and its application of the criminal policy, Jurisperudent Analysis on the Legalization of "Two Less, One Lenience", On the Application of "Tempering Justice with Mercy" in the Prosecutorial Practice, Procedural Safeguards for Criminal Policy of Tempering Justice with Mercy, Research on Criminal Responsibility of Minors, Research on Juvenile Criminal Policy of "Lenient Punishment and Strict Control", Individualized analysis of the value of the penalty, Traffic Accident Research Issues in Criminal Cases, Research on the Tendency of Turning Criminal Law into Criminal Policy, The Study on the Criminal Policy of Juvenile Delinquency. �G��,�L�PK���DQ�$)!�{%������*�z[r���z���W��_���B@��m�K�#^��� ��_�A��$��$�J� ��F Ć��Y:�U[��q�@�1��A�����-a�?�V�2?��v���)+7X�Y����q�1M��Ԟ����Nb��oG�~Q��Ym ?� eS�*��U�pX�� :�r�/�)�nSz������ (�8�{%W�� <> <> Poor school attendance is correlated with juvenile delinquency for a few reasons. {�}7P݀m{��lk��o�\������Y�˻����)%�E e�w�u^W�yY"�����39���c����ґ}��� ���e@d�3e������p������Ҳ=����;�C�γo�#Ǵ8h�O_0$��4�9�}�Gd�g+����Ǫ�BI{Vo�'��qa*�]٭�ĸa1�xaA�d�����K�����N+_9�r?��_I�ށk��6�J� 3$ Z .\����]ǠD/\�C �YG� �����n~�Zf����a��[��4F���,���� endobj Juvenile delinquency, also known as " juvenile offending ", is the act of participating in unlawful behavior as a minor or individual younger than the statutory age of majority. Juvenile delinquency is also known as “juvenile offending”. application/pdf 80 0 obj 58 0 obj endobj <>stream It reaches the primitive purpose of punishment under the balance of social justice and due process and on the basis of seeking the punishment which the juvenile should receive and which is the most suitable.First part: Through legislative analysis and theoretical inspection to the juvenile deviance /delinquency (action) and juveniles (offender), the paper obtains the basic ideas of criminal policy regarding juvenile delinquency namely tolerance, humanism idea, educational idea, protection idea and symmetric idea. and Juvenile Crime, 2008). <> In 2009 juvenile courts in the United States handled an estimated 1.5 million delinquency cases that involved juveniles charged with criminal law violations (Law Enforcement and Juvenile Crime, 2008). Some communities are plagued by higher rates of juvenile delinquency, while other communities may have less frequent instances of juvenile crime. Children are considered to be gifts from God and are greatest personal as well as national assets. endobj endobj endobj <> endobj 74 0 obj endstream Ph. the problem of juvenile delinquency represent a summarized concensus of opinions found in a review of literature: 1. A renewed emphasis upon parental responsibility for the behavior of children 3. Juvenile delinquency is a problem which despite of different and varied cultural backgrounds is found with common characteristics universally. Appligent AppendPDF Pro 5.5 endobj The severity may also vary from one community to the next. endobj ��8CDhfi���țI���z��>�V�p �����8�n���N�{OF��� �'� �,6�6�Vk�f��2�tv��f������P��I��Wˣ�A����]�:T��#����p���3D6�I�7!8 ��dr�ޤ780\.�Q�'3����2Y�3B���l�ӝ��G�&2!`���6�#ݠw��i��bp�e9�)�M)���}�� o�K��jy�3�?Ly�o�Ua�Ho���p8���_���r�`0!8��!��A����`t�)�|�^���7���~���ug�|E��4��$�3-�nNO7� ��tg��ft����)}b%倧���ԑvܻ O�Β=Cܩ.�9Y����o�u邑����p8I�i�"*��hAT�KVk�FS� &cf&"��ߟ����X���✜��7'��r��d�Jw�g��3\C�!�rgdX��帜��!#��&�+��}F+��*3ե8'+���|ö�ч�b�Ho���p8���_@��.,$�Ɋ���l6�l&�g �9;�\�������˳:�|�yy�y9Y���J����Fryp��a�6��l�ǝ����T�o�J�B�g��uܻ ��[&�Z��T�✬������ŨC3�‘����p8I῀�"&�,!�ي़��v��fK� f��OT��W�؝�1����, The Effects of Family Structure on Juvenile Delinquency. We’ll see if the Dodgers can actually pull out a win in San Francisco without Clayton Kershaw on the mound. <>stream 9 0 obj Conflict can arise between the legal system (judges, police officers etc.) 1 0 obj Z�����l���?��n�s_�}b�MI���1�"��^k�ς�l�� ��bb�e+�Spl�(��0�������OC]!�b]#r�l�9��1��Α��W�g��_֎��g���q���܆��W��G��7���;ǿ��s���p8��D�/�}���**��? Reeta, V. (2008): Social Factors of Juvenile Delinquency—A Sociological Study of Culture and Family of Juvenile Delinquency in Varanasi. [76 0 R] This is particularly important in an era where youth are barraged with sexual and violent images. endobj THE CAUSES OF DELINQUENCY Prepared for the Criminal and Juvenile Justice Coordinating Council January, 1996 NOTE: This working paper provides research information for the New Mexico Criminal and Juvenile Justice Coordinating Council It is not a statement of the Council's views or opinions. endobj endobj Because youth referred to juvenile court before the age of 13 are far <> This subject can be divisive because it is a major issue in today's society. The crimes are sometimes of heinous nature like murder, rape, robbery. In the last few decades, the crime rate by the children under the age of 16 years has increased. �Ǵ�fC[it>���b���BϦ&�9�?D�h� m�y�E�w�@�|h'�=�-�Хt6��A/�v�2�Ѣ�[��:�]��5�^L��� Depending on the nation of origin, a juvenile becomes an adult anywhere between the ages of 15 to 18, although the age is sometimes lowered for murder and other serious crimes. Each country (area) has its own criminal policy of juvenile delinquency with its own situation.Third part: Through the review of criminal policy of our country juvenile delinquency and judicature, the paper has clarified the reform idea of our juvenile justice system. The three main academic disciplines that subspecialize in the study of juvenile delinquency are Law, Sociology and Psychology (Solomon, 2014). A dissertation needs to stand out in both research and overall idea. of data concerning juvenile delinquency, from which certain general conclusions may be drawn. <>/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 15 0 R/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 38/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> The various countries and the international agencies provide great concerns for it. endobj endobj The various countries and the international agencies provide great concerns for it. 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