1. Applications of Slater’s rules and concept of effective nuclear charge. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. The effective nuclear charge for any subshell is the total positive charge of the nucleus minus the total negative charge of the previous subshells. "Screening Percentages Based on Slater Effective Nuclear Charge as a Versatile Tool for Teaching Periodic Trends." The effective nuclear charge (often symbolized as Z eff or Z*) is the net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom. Z eff = Z - I.C. 1. Why is 4s orbital filled earlier than 3d orbitals in potassium atom (Z =19)? arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Mean square charge radii of nuclei in the calcium region (Z = 20) have been the subject of extensive investigation, both experimentally , , , , , and theoretically , , , , , .Although existing data cover the full ν f 7 / 2 orbital, very little is known on the nuclei above N = 28 with valence neutrons in the p 3 / 2 orbital. We known that the configuration of Ar (Z = 18) which is the last element of 3 rd period of the periodic table is 1s 2, 2s 2 p 6, 3s 2 p 6. Effective nuclear charge may be calculated using atomic number and a calculated shielding value. This is a chart of the most common charges for atoms of the chemical elements. The term “effective” is used because the shielding effect of negatively charged electrons prevents higher orbital electrons from experiencing the full nuclear charge. You can use this chart to predict whether or not an atom can bond with another atom.The charge on an atom is related to its valence electrons or oxidation state.An atom of an element is most stable when its outer electron shell is completely filled or half-filled. The only undergrad method of calculating the effective nuclear charge (Zeff) on the valence e- of K (4s^1) is by Slater's Rules [1] Zeff = Z - S where Z is the nuclear charge (Z(K) =19) and S is the screening of the nuclear charge by all the other e-s. S is calculated using Slater's Rules [1] (1s)^2 (2s,2p)^8 (3s, 3p)^8 4s^1 For calcium Z eff = 20 - 18 = +2 The effective nuclear charge is determined by subtracting from the number of protons in the nucleus (Z), the number of inner core (I.C.) Effective nuclear charge refers to the charge felt by the outermost (valence) electrons of a multi-electron atom after the number of shielding electrons that surround the nucleus is taken into account. 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